Passing from a condition of rest to one of intense exercise, cardiac output (given by the product of systolic output and heart rate) can increase fivefold. The figure shows the distribution of blood to the various organs at rest and under stress. Note the large percentage of blood that is carried to the muscles during…
Pantothenic Acid In Foods
Pantothenic acid is found in foods in both free and bound forms, and is widely distributed in plant and animal foods. Approximately 85% of dietary pantothenic acid is present in the form of coenzyme A and phosphopantein. Recommended intake levels. There is insufficient information to establish pantothenic acid requirements and no specific studies on dietary…
BIA and Body Hydration
Introduction Despite the fact that the adult human body is composed of 65% water, body hydration attracts less interest than one might expect. BIA and Body HydrationShutterstock It sounds almost absurd, but an adult male weighing about 70 kg should contain about 45 liters of water – or so it should be. To realize the…
Folic Acid Foods
Folate is found in meats (especially offal) and vegetables (especially beans, tomatoes, oranges), in a more or less bound and available form. In fact, there are folate-hydrolase inhibitors or other unknown factors in food that decrease its absorption (by 20% in legumes and 80% in orange juice). States of marginal folic acid deficiency occur in…
Training and Lactic Acid
Generalities Lactic acid is a residue of anaerobic glycolysis, one of the three energy production mechanisms used by muscle cells. Rightly associated with high levels of muscular effort, lactic acid appears when the energy demand cannot be met by the other two metabolisms: aerobic and anaerobic alactacidic The production, tolerance and disposal of lactic acid…
Lactic Acid
What is Lactic Acid Lactic acid or lactate is a by-product of lactacid anaerobic metabolism. It is a toxic compound for the cells, whose accumulation in the blood stream correlates with the appearance of the so-called muscle fatigue. Lactate is produced already from low intensity of exercise; red blood cells, for example, form it continuously,…
Hyaluronic Acid
Generalities What is Hyaluronic Acid and general aspects Hyaluronic acid is a substance naturally produced by our body with the purpose of hydrating and protecting tissues. Also present in many animals and in some types of bacteria, hyaluronic acid is one of the main components of connective tissue, in particular of its amorphous substance (or…
Alpha Lipoic Acid ALA
The α LIPOIC ACID (ALA) has two main functions: coenzyme of cellular metabolism and antioxidant. It is used in slimming diets to improve the use of carbohydrates and stabilize blood sugar (enhances the action of insulin). With regard to the antioxidant function is the only substance active in both aqueous and lipid phase and has…
Beta Oxidation and Fatty Acid Biosynthesis
Triglycerides are hydrolyzed in the intestine by the intervention of pancreatic lipase. Once hydrolyzed to glycerol and free fatty acids, they can be absorbed by the cells of the intestinal epithelium, which convert glycerol and fatty acids back to triglycerides. The triglycerides are then released into the lymphatic circulation, associated with particular lipoprotein particles called…
Accelerating Metabolism with Diet
Accelerate metabolism with diet Diet is a very effective means of increasing metabolism. In fact, TID (diet-induced thermogenesis or food-specific dynamic action) accounts for about 10-15% of daily energy expenditure. Diet-induced thermogenesis can be distinguished into: optional: concerns the amount of food taken and involves the activation of the sympathetic nervous system; obligatory: it represents…